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 Call toll free 1-866-584-0355 or 1-903-759-2160 fax 903-759-4605 309 Patriot Circle, Longview, TX 75604-2240
of refrigerants 12 and 22. The figures in BOLD/ITALICS are measurements of vacuum in inches of mercury. All others are in gauge measurement pounds per square inch. |
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| Temper- ature |
Refrigerant | Temper- ature |
Refrigerant | Temper- ature |
Refrigerant | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deg. F. | 12 | 22 | deg. F. | 12 | 22 | deg. F. | 12 | 22 | ||
| -60 | 19.0 | 11.9 | 12 | 15.8 | 34.9 | 43 | 39.7 | 73.5 | ||
| -55 | 17.3 | 9.1 | 13 | 16.5 | 35.9 | 44 | 40.7 | 75.0 | ||
| -50 | 15.4 | 6.0 | 14 | 17.1 | 36.9 | 45 | 41.7 | 76.6 | ||
| -45 | 13.3 | 2.6 | 15 | 17.7 | 37.9 | 46 | 42.6 | 78.2 | ||
| -40 | 10.9 | 0.6 | 16 | 18.4 | 38.9 | 47 | 43.6 | 79.8 | ||
| -35 | 8.3 | 2.7 | 17 | 19.0 | 40.0 | 48 | 44.6 | 81.4 | ||
| -30 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 18 | 19.7 | 41.1 | 49 | 45.7 | 83.0 | ||
| -25 | 2.3 | 7.5 | 19 | 20.4 | 42.2 | 50 | 46.7 | 84.7 | ||
| -20 | 0.5 | 10.3 | 20 | 21.0 | 43.3 | 55 | 52.0 | 93.3 | ||
| -18 | 1.3 | 11.5 | 21 | 21.7 | 44.4 | 60 | 57.7 | 102.5 | ||
| -16 | 2.0 | 12.7 | 22 | 22.4 | 45.5 | 65 | 63.7 | 112.2 | ||
| -14 | 2.8 | 13.9 | 23 | 23.2 | 46.7 | 70 | 70.1 | 122.5 | ||
| -12 | 3.6 | 15.2 | 24 | 23.9 | 47.8 | 75 | 76.9 | 133.4 | ||
| -10 | 4.4 | 16.6 | 25 | 24.6 | 49.0 | 80 | 84.1 | 145.0 | ||
| -8 | 5.3 | 18.0 | 26 | 25.4 | 50.2 | 85 | 91.7 | 157.2 | ||
| -6 | 6.2 | 19.4 | 27 | 26.1 | 51.5 | 90 | 99.7 | 170.1 | ||
| -4 | 7.1 | 20.9 | 28 | 26.9 | 52.7 | 95 | 108.2 | 183.7 | ||
| -2 | 8.1 | 22.5 | 29 | 27.7 | 54.0 | 100 | 117.1 | 197.9 | ||
| 0 | 9.2 | 24.1 | 30 | 28.5 | 55.2 | 105 | 126.5 | 212.9 | ||
| 1 | 9.7 | 24.9 | 31 | 29.3 | 56.5 | 110 | 136.4 | 228.7 | ||
| 2 | 10.2 | 25.7 | 32 | 30.1 | 57.8 | 115 | 146.7 | 245.3 | ||
| 3 | 10.7 | 26.6 | 33 | 30.9 | 59.2 | 120 | 157.6 | 262.6 | ||
| 4 | 11.2 | 27.4 | 34 | 31.7 | 60.5 | 125 | 169.0 | 280.7 | ||
| 5 | 11.8 | 28.3 | 35 | 32.6 | 61.9 | 130 | 181.0 | 299.3 | ||
| 6 | 12.3 | 29.2 | 36 | 33.4 | 63.3 | 135 | 193.5 | 319.6 | ||
| 7 | 12.9 | 30.1 | 37 | 34.3 | 64.6 | 140 | 206.6 | 341.3 | ||
| 8 | 13.5 | 31.0 | 38 | 35.2 | 66.1 | 145 | 220.3 | 364.0 | ||
| 9 | 14.0 | 32.0 | 39 | 36.1 | 67.5 | 150 | 234.6 | 387.2 | ||
| 10 | 14.6 | 32.9 | 40 | 37.0 | 69.0 | 155 | 249.5 | 410.8 | ||
| 11 | 15.2 | 33.9 | 41 | 37.9 | 70.5 | 160 | 265.1 | 434.6 | ||
| 42 | 38.8 | 72.0 | ||||||||
| To use the charts, just choose a temperature from the left column of one of the charts and go to the right across to either refrigerant 12 (like refrigerators) or refrigerant 22 (like most home air conditioning) and see what the pressure will be if it is in a sealed container or system at that exact temperature and is not being pumped by the compressor. Refrigerant 22 at 140 (as would be a can of it sitting outside in the sun) would have a pressure inside the can of 341.3 pounds. You can also select a pressure from one of the columns such as R-22 down the third chart to find the pressure of 341.3 pounds and see what the ambient (air around the can) temperature is at that pressure. These pressure temperature charts are important for many reasons, but an easy example would be to see what the temperature of the refrigerant is inside the evaporator if the suction pressure is, say, 70 pounds and your pressure gauge doesn't show this temperature/pressure conversion. Look at the chart under R-22 and down to the pressure of 70 pounds and see that the temperature of the refrigerant inside the cooling coil is 41 degrees. Isn't this convenient? | ||||||||||
| See also: Refrigerant 22, 123, 134a, 404A, 410A, & 507 .pdf Chart by DuPont® | ||||||||||
Honeywell Refrigerants P.O.Box 1053 Morristown, NJ 07962-1053 What is the R-22 Allocation? In January of 2003 the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a regulation that limited the amount of virgin R-22 and R-142b refrigerants that can be made or imported into the USA. Before 2003, any company could make, import, or sell refrigerant R-22 (also known as HCFC-22). With this new regulation, only twenty-five companies were granted limited "rights" to manufacture or import R-22 into the U.S. for use in systems where the chemical could be released to the environment. Refrigerant manufacturers and importers may not produce or import more of these chemicals for which they have "rights." The regulation covers not only the 50 U.S. states, but territories and provinces such as Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands. This regulation was published in the U.S. Federal Register as the "Allowance System for Controlling HCFC Production, Import and Export; Final Rule" on January 21, 2003 ("Allocation Regulation") This regulation will affect R-22 and R-142b, and refrigerant blends that contain them. This includes R-401A (MP39), R-401B (MP66), R-402A (HP80), R-402B (HP81), R-408A, R-409A, R414A, R-414B, R-416A, R-420A and others. The fine for the illegal importation of R-22 can be up to $12,474 per pound. Why did the EPA do this? In order to make sure that the United States would comply with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer ("Montreal Protocol"), the U.S. Congress passed the 1990 Clean Air Act that ordered the EPA to enact regulations to phase out R-22 and other ozone-depleting chemicals. Initially, this included phasing out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which were quickly banned by the mid 1990's. Now the EPA must begin the phaseout of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and it has chosen to begin this process by completely phasing out the most harmful chemical (HCFC-141b) used in foam insulation, and by limiting the production and import of moderately ozone-depleting chemicals HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b. This 2003 action by the EPA will allow the U.S. to meet the 35% reduction in HCFC consumption required by 2004. What other regulations are coming? 2004 Beijing Amendment Ratification As part of the Allocation Regulation, the EPA is expected to ban buying and selling of controlled HCFCs with certain countries unless those countries ratify the Beijing Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. This amendment requires countries that manufacture HCFCs to agree to limits on the amounts of HCFC chemicals that they produce. Currently, this list includes Mexico and China. These countries represent a meaningful amount of the R-22 imported into the U.S. in recent years. 2006 DOE Regulations Due to Department of Energy regulations passed in 2002, the minimum efficiency of most new residential air conditioners is being raised from 10 SEER to 12 SEER after 2005. This will likely require air-conditioning manufacturers to use 15%-25% more R-22 refrigerant in new equipment. This will increase demand for R-22 for installing and servicing these systems. 2009 Expiration of Allocations The R-22 allocations granted by the EPA expire in 2009, and the EPA has not yet passed any regulations that would allow for R-22 to be made or imported after 2009. The EPA has stated that it intends to pass additional regulations that will allow for continued production and use of R-22 as service refrigerant after 2009, however it is expected that these regulations will reduce the R-22 allocations that it granted in 2003 and disallow the production or importation of R-22 for use in any new equipment after 2009. 2015 Reductions Some dealers wrongly believe that R-22 for servicing existing systems will not be affected until 2020. Actually, the EPA is required to implement additional regulations to reduce the limit on consumption of ozone-depleting HCFCs such as R-22 by 90% after 2014. Although the U.S. demand for R-22 for servicing existing systems is likely to decrease by that date, the available HCFC allocation will have to be used to supply refrigerants (R-22, R-124, R-142b, MP39, MP66, HP80, and others) and solvents (HCFC-225ca, HCFC-225cb). Most new air conditioning and refrigeration equipment being installed today is expected to still be in service in 2015, so building owners and consumers need to take into consideration the potential for future shortages of HCFC products when considering installing new R-22 or other HCFC-based equipment. This is particularly important if systems sold today are covered by warranties or service contracts. Although regulations allow for continued production of R-22 for service through 2019, there is no guarantee that the quantities that will be produced or made available will be sufficient to meet U.S. market demand. Individuals and companies who make claims guaranteeing sufficient supply of HCFC-22 until 2020 do so at their own risk What is replacing R-22? There are 4 non-ozone depleting refrigerants that are widely recommended by equipment and compressor manufacturers to replace R-22. R-404A and R-507 These products are viery similar, and are already widely used in low and medium-temperature refrigeration systems. R-507 is a true azeotrope and slightly more efficient than R-404A, but R-404A is used more broadly in both small hermetic and large commercial systems. R-407C This refrigerant is extensively used in Europe and Japan where R-22 is already phased out in many types of equipment, and is an excellent per- formance match to R-22 allowing it to be used in R-22 air conditioning and refrigeration systems without significant equipment changes. R410A This refrigerant is now used in new air-conditioning equipment from nearly every major equipment manufacturer in the world, and offers significant performance advantages over R-22. R410A offers improved pressure-drop characteristics that allow for improved system efficiency over R-22. It is a near-azeotrope with the lowest glide of any 400-series refrigerant, allowing for easy handling and near-zero change in composition in cases of major leaks. Many negative myths about R-410A have been circulated by people who have never used R-410A or installed R-410A equipment. This includes inflated fears about R-410A pressures and synthetic lubricants. For more information on what consumers and customers are hearing about R-410A, dealers are invited to visit www.410A.com. What about Reclaimed R-22? According to the most recent information available on the EPA's website the total amount of R-22 refrigerant reclaimed in the U.S. in 2000 was 7.1 million pounds. Putting this in perspective, the total annual U.S. consumption allocations assigned by the EPA were for more than 250 million pounds of R-22 annually. Although reclamation is both mandatory and an important source for service refrigerant, it is unlikely to meet a significant part of market demand unless recovery and reclamation of R-22 substantially increases. What about R-22 Drop-Ins? The idea of a "drop-in" replacement where no oil change is needed to replace R-22 is a popular one among air-conditioning dealers. Unfortunately, the hype around R-22 "drop-ins" is quite different from the reality. Using any HFC refrigerant in an R-22 system without replacing some or all of the mineral oil with a lubricant that is more compatible with HFCs will result in a decrease in the rate of oil return to the compressor, potentially to the point of compressor burnout or early failure. This includes HFC refrigerants that use small amounts of hydrocarbons, alcohols, or even magical "pixi-dust" to increase miscibility with mineral oil. This reduced oil return reduces the long-term reliability of a system, a key reason why the use of these refrigerants as "drop-ins" will typi- cally invalidate warranties on new or replacement equipment. Additionally, R-22 "drop-in" or "direct" replacements typically have lower efficiency and capacity than R-22. In commercial and industrial R-22 systems where food is manufactured, transported or stored, this loss of capacity may result in slowed production or unpredictable temperature variations outside of FDA-mandated ranges. For new equipment, R-22 "direct" or "drop-in" replacements present additional cost, handling, and reliability problems. As a result, air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment manufacturers have almost universally selected a combination of synthetic lubricants and HFC refrigerants such as R-410A to provide adequate energy efficiency, long-term reliability, and cost effectiveness. What Should I do Now? 1) Communicate to your customers that R-22 is now a regulated and controlled product, with limited supply and future regulations likely to impact availability and prices. This could also affect refrigerants that contain R-22 or R-142b, including many R-12 and R-502 replacement blends. 2) Communicate to your customers how the U.S. air-conditioning and refrigeration industry is migrating from R-22 to non-ozone depleting products. By installing new systems that use non-ozone depleting refrigerants, like R-410A the industry will allow for more R-22 to be available to service existing systems, and reduce the likelihood of R-22 shortages. 3) If you sell or service air-conditioning systems, learn more about R-410A, including how to communicate the advantages of R-410A equipment to your customers. Becoming a leader in R-410A today can give you an advantage over your competitors. Visit www.410A.com. 4) If you service or specify refrigerants for commercial refrigeration systems, reduce the risks and costs for your customers by recommending OEM-approved and environmentally safer Genetron Refrigerants¹. | ||||||||||
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